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One cried, 'God bless us!' and 'Amen,' the other;
As they had seen me with these hangman's hands.
Listening their fear, I could not say 'Amen,'
When they did say, 'God bless us!'-Shakespeare.

O RARE BEN JONSON.-Inscription on Jonson's Tomb.

In the Old Testament, if you listen to David's harp, you shall hear as many hearse-like airs as carols; and the pencil of the Holy Ghost hath labored more in describing the afflictions of Job than the felicities of Solomon.-Lord Bacon.

One fatal tree there stands, of Knowledge call'd,

Forbidden them to taste: Knowledge forbidden?— Milton.
When I was young? Ah, woful 'when'!

Ah, for the change 'twixt Now and Then!-Coleridge. The ladies who carry fans under me are drawn up twice a day in my great hall, where they are instructed in the use of their arms, and exercised by the following words of command: Handle your fans, Unfurl your fans, Discharge your fans, Ground your fans, Recover your fans, Flutter your fans.—Addison.

O lyric Love, half angel and half bird,

And all a wonder and a wild desire!-Browning.

I shall die with confusion, if I am forced to advance! Oh, no,

I can never advance. I shall swoon, if I should expect advances.— Congreve.

2. Distinguish:

He referred to the union of the States.

The Union, the Constitution, and the enforcement of the Laws. -Henry Clay.

Solomon says, 'Pride goeth before destruction.'

Solomon says that 'pride goeth before destruction.'

With Mr. Headly, an event always 'transpires.'-Poe.

And, 'This to me?' he said.-Scott.

Wave your tops, ye pines. -Milton.

This struck the Oak, with a thought of admiration.-Æsop.
The design of an infinite Creator.- John Wilson.

Either the world had a creator, or it existed by chance.—Prof.

Gibbs.

He has many friends.

William Penn with a few Friends.

A chapter in your history.

A chapter in your History.

He was educated in a university.

He visited the University.

The devils apart sat on a hill retired.-Milton.

They have coined out of Machiavelli's Christian name a nickname (Nick) for the Devil.

3. Make the necessary corrections, giving the reasons:

(1) We had much pleasure. (2) My name is pleasure. (3) The entrance into the garden of hope was by two gates; one of which was kept by reason, and the other by fancy. (4) The general assembly meets on the first monday in January. (5) Let not the snares of the world, Oh my Son, take away your heart from good. (6) Three cheers were given for the 'champion of the south.' (7) The bible says, 'children, obey your parents.' (8) She is gone to him that comforteth as a father comforteth. (9) The president lives in the white house. (10) These birds go South in Winter, but return in Spring or Summer. (11) At length the toleration act was sent down to the commons. (12) He flattered himself that the tories might be induced to make some concessions to the dissenters, on condition that the whigs would be lenient to the jacobites. (13) See art's fair Empire o'er our shores advance. (14) Burke's 'philosophical inquiry into the origin of our ideas of the sublime and beautiful,' and allison's essays on the nature and principles of taste,' are works of permanent value. (15) The reign of queen Anne is generally admitted to have been the augustan age of English literature. (16) The norman conquest was the means of introducing chivalry and the feudal system into England. (17) The wars of the roses desolated britain between the years 1455 and 1485. (18) The work is admirably adapted to the use of schools:

by thorough and varied exercises;

by frequent and complete reviews;

by simplicity of terms and arrangement.

(19) To the memory of

William Wordsworth,

a true philosopher and poet,

who by a special gift and calling of almighty god,
whether he discoursed on man or nature,

failed not to lift up the heart to holy things,
tired not of maintaining the cause of the poor and simple,
and so, in perilous times, was raised up to be
a chief minister; not only of noblest poesy,
but of high and sacred truth.1

Suggestion.-Let it here be required to distinguish, among significant and important terms, those which are preeminent.

4. Express correctly (with period after each) the abbreviations of the following:

Connecticut, captain, massachusetts, president, alabama, colonel, nebraska, october, april, county, iowa, example, credit, ohio, doctor, master, maine, mister, mistress, saint, street, vermont, number, post office, new hampshire, member of congress, before christ, collect on delivery.

5. Illustrate, from Shakespeare, Tennyson, Longfellow, Scott, or George Eliot, six different uses of capital letters.

1 Inscription on the mural monument in Grasmere Church.

CHAPTER XV.

THE SENTENCE - PUNCTUATION.

The particulars first, then the generalization. - SPENCER.

And how did Garrick speak the soliloquy? Oh! against all rule; most ungrammatically. Between the nominative case, which your lordship knows should govern the verb, he suspended his voice a dozen times, three seconds and three fifths, by a stop-watch, my lord, each time.-STERNE.

REFERENTIAL.-The meaning of a sentence is made

clear chiefly by a proper arrangement of its words; but sometimes, in spoken language, by proper pauses; and, in written or printed discourse, by proper punctuation. Marks so employed are called, from their effect, stops; from their appearance, points, the Latin for which is punctum.

It is often desired, for example, to refer the reader to some note, explanation, or other matter in the margin of a page or at the end of a chapter or book. pose the following points have been in general use:

For this pur

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These are used in the order here presented, and are placed, somewhat in the manner of algebraical exponents, over words from which, and also at the head of those to which, reference is made. When references on any page are numerous, the above marks, if others are required, are simply doubled.

More recently, however, it has been regarded as an improvement, in simplicity and neatness, to use letters or figures of a smaller size, technically styled, from their position, superiors; as, a or '. A cursory inspection of the late leading publications of Europe or America will show how rapidly the earlier notation is becoming obsolete.

Elliptical.- Omissions are various, and the devices that indicate them are correspondingly so:

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A connective, for example, may be omitted:

Are all thy conquests, glories, triumphs, spoils,
Shrunk to this little measure?—Shakespeare.

A word may be abbreviated:

Dr. H. Marsh, F.R.S.; b. 1757, d. 1839.

Intermediate letters, figures, or words may be suppressed:

By H―ns! By Heavens!

Matt. ix, 1-6=Matt. ix, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.

'She replied that Mrs. Divinity, my lady

-'s gentle-woman,

told her all the maids at had tea, and saw company of an afternoon.'

Sometimes there is an ellipsis of 'namely,' or terms of similar import, introducing an appositional element:

'The four great names in English poetry are almost the first we come to,- Chaucer, Spenser, Shakespeare, and Milton.'

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