surpassed loveliness. But the taxes and other causes keep down the laborers to a state below that of our Southern slaves. The Government share of rice crops is, on an average, about 60 per cent.! But the mode of collection in money causes the cultivator to pay about three-fourths of the crop."

This grinding land-tax, destroying, as it does, the hope and energy of the laborer, and weakening the motives to the exercise of skill and carefulness, is the first and greatest obstacle to the free growth of cotton in India.

The revenue officers frequently will not suffer the crop to be touched until security be given for the payment of the land-tax. Meantime, the crop ripens; the cotton falls to the ground, and, becoming mixed with leaves and dust, is greatly deteriorated.

None of these hindrances, it will be observed, is inherent to the nature of the soil, or character of the people. A wise Government could remove them all. Still, despite of their unhappy influences, the exportation of Indian cotton to Britain, has increased, as we have seen, during the last seven years, at the rate of 145 per cent., while that of American cotton has advanced at the rate of but 70 per cent.!

Finally, it is impossible, at this time of day, when the whole world is in progress, when the inventive genius of man is partially annihilating time and space, and bringing opposite extremities of the earth into brotherly juxta-position, so that the light and blessings of civilization of one part are reflected over the whole-that the one hundred and fifty millions of people in India should remain much longer in their present state of degradation. Especially do they look with hope to the efforts of the people of Great Britain, who, having accomplished the extinction of slavery in the West Indies, will not rest, until they have placed their fellow subjects of India under a more equitable system of government, one which will be anxious to develope, rather than repress their energies, and whose influence will thus go to augment the wealth and power of the empire.

So long as the wealth and the power of the British East India Company could be increased by a system of oppression and exaction in India, it was pursued. In no country, and in no age of the world, was tyranny ever more cruel and unrelenting. Now it seems that interest dictates a new policy, and, as we have heretofore remarked in relation to Africa, the success of the British can only be secured by ameliorating the condition of millions of these degraded Indians. Selfishness induces the British now to yield what justice has long refused. And with the present excited feeling which prevails so extensively in Great Britain on the subject of slavery, and the power of the ministry to direct the concentrated action of the nation to Africa and India, with their immense resources, it would not be surprising if they should succeed in producing cotton enough in India and Africa to supply their manufactories.

This subject is one of deep interest to American statesmen, and entitled to their most serious consideration.

Every thousand additional bales of cotton raised in India or Africa will cut off the same number of bales of American cotton from a foreign market. It is not only the Southern planter who is to be affected-the commerce and monetary concerns of our country are to experience a change. It is to our cotton that we look mainly for the means of equalizing our exchange

with Great Britain. She does not take our bread stuffs, and if she becomes independent of our cotton, we must manufacture it ourselves. This we can do as cheaply as she can, and export the fabric instead of the raw material. A portion of the Southern labor, now employed in the field, can be withdrawn and applied in the factories. The crops will be reduced in proportion to the decreased demand. The prosperity of our country will not be checked. But to pass safely through so great a change in the business of our country, there is much for our statesmen to do-the North and South must be united. It is not the British abolition sentiment we have to fear, it is their anti-American policy. We must look at their objects, and the means they are employing to accomplish them; and not shut our eyes to the chances in favor of their success, and to their deep rooted hostility to everything that is American, political, moral and social. Let our policy be adapted to the changes that Great Britain may render necessary; let us open new markets for our increasing manufactures; prevent the British from shutting Africa against us; let us strengthen our feeble Colony on that continent, and through our settlements penetrate the interior. And if we succeed in firmly establishing our free institutions with our free colored people in Africa, we shall have done more to promote human happiness and practical liberty, than the British, with all their power and glory, can ever do.

WE noticed, last year, the character of the Sultan of Muscat, and the courteous reception he gave to the American missionaries who visited Zanzibar, the influence he exerts in Africa, his partiality for Americans, &c. We still believe the Sultan of Muscat to be one of the most liberal and enlightened Mohammedan princes of the age, and that he is doing much for the amelioration of the condition of his degraded African subjects. The report of Capt. DRINKER, contained in the following article, conflicts with the statements of Mr. WATERS, American Consul at Zanzibar, who has been long and intimately acquainted with the Sultan.

Arrival out of the Sultanee.-By the Brenda, at Salem, from Bombay and Zanzibar, advices have been received of the arrival out of the Muscat ship Sultance, on the 7th of December last, after a passage of one hundred and twenty days from New York, and twenty-nine from the Cape of Good Hope. Capt. DRINKER, who went out as navigator, returned in the Brenda. Capt. DRINKER had strong inducements held out to him by the Sultan to remain in his service, such as the the command of the best frigate in his navy, with a prospect of a voyage to New York within a year, &c., but he declined. The Sultan also endeavored to retain, by tempting offers, the four American seamen who went out with Capt. DRINKER; but one, however, accepted his proposals. His navy is composed of many fine ships, all built at Bombay, of teak wood, but they are entirely neglected and suffered to go to pieces. The inhabitants are described as a very filthy, halfnaked, slavish race, and the town a collection of hovels scarcely fit for dog kennels. MAHMOUD BEN JUMA, the second in command, was unfortunately drowned a short time after the ship had anchored. He had been up to the town in the ship's gig to obtain a pilot, and on his return was

talking with Capt. DRINKER on the poop deck, and offering to show him all the lions on the island in return for his attention in America, when the Captain was called below. In a few moments JUMA walked to the side of the ship, gave a groan, then fell over the ship's side and was never seen to rise. It was supposed that he was seized with a fit. He was a very intelligent young man, studious, shrewd, and observing, and one of the most ambitious and promising officers in the Sultan's service. He acquired the English language to a considerable extent while in this country, and kept a journal into which he copied all the articles that appeared in the newspapers in relation to the ship or to any subject of interest, as well as his own observations on men and manners. The crew of the Sultanee was made up of common slaves purchased at a few dollars per head. Capt. DRINKER is of opinion that the Sultan will not at present send another vessel to this country, as the result of this voyage has, in a commercial point of view, proved unfortunate; and such is the want of energy among the Arabs, that three years elapsed before the Sultanee was ready for sea after the project of the first voyage was broached. A proof of the apathetic indifference of these people is the fact, that when Capt. DRINKER left, not one of the packages containing the presents to the Sultan had been opened. The opening was postponed from time to time for nearly two months, and perhaps they have not been examined to this day. A large crowd of natives assembled on the beach to see the ship come up, and when the crew landed, they were overwhelmed with questions in relation to America.-Jour. Com. We subjoin extracts of a letter, received by the Brenda, from Capt. Wм. C. WATERS, brother to the consul:

Hon. SAMUEL WILKESON:

ZANZIBAR, December 24th, 1841.

DEAR SIR, I found Zanzibar in much the same state and appearance as I left it some six years since: there has been some improvement in the buildings, some houses have been put up since I was here, and I think the general appearance of the town is some better.

The Sultan arrived here about a week after my arrival; he had been absent about fifteen months on a visit to Muscat: he will probably make this place his permanent residence.

I called on him a few days after his arrival; he expressed himself much pleased with the presents sent by the United States Government, and said a number of times that the American Government had done much more than what he expected of them. He is much pleased with the repairs put on his ship, and with the attention paid to the officers.

He did not find the voyage turn out so profitably as he expected; he will lose money on the voyage. This is no encouragement for him to continue the trade; he had an idea that the Americans engaged in this trade were making a great deal of money, and he wished to ascertain what was made by them with this view he sent the Sultanee on a voyage of inquiry, and the result is that he will not send another ship to the United States at present: perhaps he may, in two or three years, send a ship with presents to the Government.

I assure you, sir, that I am much pleased with my new home; we have an abundance of fruit, meats, fowls and fish, and all very cheap. I think that I could spend five or six years here very contentedly, if I had my wife and children with me. I hope that the good cause of Colonization goes on well. I assure you that I feel a very great interest in its operations. Your most obedient, humble servant,

WM. C. WATERS.

WB copy from the Maryland Colonization Journal, the following notice of our article on " Emigration to Liberia," contained in the seventh number of the Repository:

We regard the proposition to the people of color, of fitting out expeditions on their own account and by their own means, as one calculated to effect much good; and better would it have been for the cause if it had been earlier adopted. Men who are disposed to go on such conditions will be sure of effecting good to themselves and the Colony. They at once relieve themselves of the sense of dependence and obligation which they must necessarily feel if they are sent by a master, and every thing prepared for their present and future welfare. It is a remarkable trait in the human character, but an acknowledged one, that unmerited benefits received by any one beyond an ability to recompense the same, beget in the individual so benefitted a disposition to repay the good with evil. His pride will not permit him to acknowledge his indebtedness, and as he is unable or unwilling to make recompense, he is at once disposed to deprecate and undervalue any good thus received, and finally really believes himself an injured man.

It may be asked how we can expect men to do more without assistance than with? Abstractedly we do not; but in this case, most that is wanting is zeal, energy, and a Pilgrim spirit; mind will soon command means.

Besides, the provisions made for poor emigrants prevent the rich and enterprising spirited from availing themselves of these proffered helps; whatever a man pays for, that only he values. In truth, there is not sacrifice enough in going to Liberia, if carried out and supported for a long time. It is only by seeking a free and rich country through difficulties and personal efforts and sacrifices, that a proper estimate of its value will be entertained.

Let but one independent expedition be gotten up and the emigrants settled on the beautiful farm lands in either of the colonies; let them be possessed of means to put in operation a sugar and coffee plantation, and support themselves for two years until the fruits thereof can be reaped; let there be among them men of good talents and energy of character, and let them be imbued with that puritanic zeal and ardor which supported the Plymouth settlers, and ought to support all others worthy the name of men fleeing from unjust oppression; I say let such an operation be carried once into effect, and depend upon it we should hear of none of the calamities usually attributed to the Colonization cause, and there would come no question through them of the wisdom and practicability of the scheme. The only thing wanting is to induce our most intelligent colored men to enter in and examine the subject free from all bias or foreign interferance. If they would once do this, examine, even if with intent to condemn, no matter, but candidly examine and weigh the subject, we should entertain no apprehensions of the result. We trust one experiment at least will be made, and if composed of a proper class of emigrants, and judiciously conducted, we would not fear to stake the whole cause upon the result.

It need hardly be added, that the Maryland State Colonization Society would make the same or equally favorable propositions to the people of color of this State. Any propositions of the kind coming from them would receive our cordial co-operation.

WE copy the following letter from the Protestant Herald of Bardstown, Kentucky. The Editor remarks: "Thirteen years ago, we knew the writer as a useful boy in the family of the late Rev. JNO. M'FARLAND, of Paris, Ky., who was then instructing him preparatory to emigration. The letter is addressed to the brother-in-law of Mr. M'FARLAND, Mr. J. TODD, of Paris. It will be seen that he is satisfied, and has no wish to return, except to visit his friends. We believe that he has been in Liberia eight or ten years."

MONROVIA, LIBERIA, Dec. 30тн, 1840.

DEAR SIR,-I take this opportunity of writing to you to let you and the rest of the friends know that I am alive, and in good health. I am very sorry to tell you that I have not had an opportunity of writing for the last two years, on account of being out of the way every time the ship left for America. I wish to know very much whether my father and mother are yet alive. The last time I heard from them was when Mr. MARKEY'S people came out. A great many of that expedition have died; there is one nevertheless, over the fever, HARRY, the boy which used to live with you. Give my best love to all my friends, but more especially to my dear parents; I want to see them very much, but hearing such ill reports from America, which makes me afraid to attempt to start, and I could not come as far back as Kentucky, I suppose, without being molested.

I am quite well satisfied. We have nearly every thing heart could wish. The African trade is beginning to be looked upon by the English as an important branch of their commerce. The Colonists, according to their chance, are much better informed than in many parts of America which I am acquainted with. They are making sugar and planting coffee. In a few years I think there will be a plenty from this country to yours; also, we have hogs, cattle, sheep, and goats, and at present everything appears to prosper. The Spanish and American slavers are entirely broke up in our vicinity. A few weeks since, the British man-of-war commanded by Lord DENHAM, broke up the Gallinas to windward and leward, and since Gov. BUCHANAN came out, we have destroyed one establishment in our own territories, so much so that I hope the trade will die. I have seen hundreds shipped since I came to this country.

Our churches are attended very well by all classes. The missionaries are going ahead. The climate appears to be getting more healthy-white people live here nearly as well as colored. There are a great many English and Americans knocking about the coast. I must conclude by saying, say to Brother WILLIAM that his Brother DENNIS is not yet married, and never expects to be unless he sees him. Please tell him or my mother to send my watch by the person that comes from your neighborhood, also a good rifle; there are leopards, baboons, wild hogs, wild cows, aud game of every kind in this country. If I thought you would get it, I would send you a barrel of palm oil for a curiosity, and no doubt it would answer as a medicine. Tell any of the friends if they have anything to send me, direct it to Hon. H. TEAGE, Monrovia. Also, tell them all to remember me in their prayers. In gicat haste; the ship is under way.

Your humble servant,

D. P. FERGUSON.