...of that group. It has been deduced that the whole period of this type of structure in Ireland lies between the end of the ninth and the beginning of the twelfth century. After this time we find it dying out by a species of degradation of form and function. The first stage is...

...comparison of the examples of Irish church architecture, the dates of which are approximately known to lie between the end of the ninth and the beginning of the twelfth century. Their characteristics cause the towers of Brechin and Abernethy to be included in one of the two later...

...remain so." According to another writer, " the whole period of this type of round tower structure lies between the end of the ninth and the beginning of the twelfth century." I do not think there need be much difficulty in assigning all the Scotch examples mentioned, to a period...

...to the date of the erection of the their erection, round towers, it may with safety be assigned to the period between the end of the ninth and the beginning of the twelfth centuries, a period which was one of transition between the flatlintelled style of ecclesiastical architecture...

...is now generally admitted that they were erected by the ecclesiastical communities of Ireland during the period between the end of the ninth and the beginning of the twelfth century, chiefly in order to provide a place of safety for the monks and their valuables, whilst the surrounding...

...them or of the times of their composition. CHAPTER XI ABT. 67. Penwork. In Ireland art was practiced in four different branches : — Ornamentation and...the ninth and the beginning of the twelfth century. All cultivation degenerated after that, on account of the Danish irruptions and the Anglo Norman Invasion....

...of book-binding still preserved, of which two are figured at pp. 32 and 488, supra. Art in general reached its highest perfection in the period between...the ninth and the beginning of the twelfth century.* Penwork seems to have somewhat outstripped its sister arts ; for some of the finest examples of ornamental...

...Miss Margaret Stokes ; JO \Vestwood on the Book of Kells ; Petrie's Round Towers of Ireland.] Penwork. In Ireland art was practised in four different branches...the ninth and the beginning of the twelfth century. The special style of pen ornamentation was quite peculiar to the Celtic people of Ireland ; and it...

...about Irish historical personages, or founded on Irish historical events. In Ireland art was practiced in four different branches: ornamentation and illumination...old scribes of Ireland, who were generally, but not always, monks, and were held in great honor, had a method of ornamentation not used by scribes of other...

...books ; metal work ; sculpture ; and building. Art of every kind reached its highest perfection iu the period between the end of the ninth and the beginning of tbe twelfth century. All cultivation degenerated after that, on account of the Danish irruptions and...