History of Europe from the Fall of Napoleon in MDCCCXV to the Accession of Louis Napoleon in MDCCCLII.

W. Blackwood & Sons, 1856 - Europe

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Page vii
... character of the revolutions of 1820 , . ib . 123. What caused their speedy overthrow , 111 124. What should the military do in such circumstances ? 112 CHAPTER VIII . § RUSSIA AND POLAND , FROM THE CONTENTS OF CHAP . VII . vii.

Page viii
... character , 118 8. His first acts of administration , and training of the army , 120 10. Great increase of its ... Character which these circumstances have imprinted on the Russians , 38. Causes which have led to this character , 149 150 ...

Page x
... character , 99. Amours of the Czar , 209 210 100. Death of Alexander's natural daughter , 211 101. Reconciliation of the emperor and empress , 212 102. Solemn service in the cathedral of Notre Dame de Kazan , 213 103. His departure from ...

Page xi
... Character of the Emperor Nicholas , and parallel between him and Peter the Great , 259 150. He is essentially Russian , 260 151. His personal appearance and failings , 261 CHAPTER IX . ROYALIST REACTION IN FRANCE , FRANCE FROM THE COUP ...

Page xii
... Character of M. Decazes , 305 49. Merits of his measures as a statesman , ib . 50. Division of parties in the Assembly after M. Decazes ' fall , 306 51. Funeral of the Duke de Berri , and execution of Louvel , 307 52-53 . Ministerial ...

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Table of Contents

CHAPTER	1

+ 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0	2

Important acquisition of Russia in the grandduchy of Warsaw	3

Support which colonies afford to the mother country	4

What the colonial policy of the parent state should	5

Inevitable loss to the parent state from the separation of the colonies	6

Tyrannical rule of old Spain over her colonies	7

The trade of Spain was all with foreign manufacturers	8

Its suppression ib 137 Sentences on the conspirators	246

Their conduct on the eve of death	247

Their execution	248

Reflections on this event	249

Noble conduct of the Princess Troubetzkoi and the other wives of the convicts	250

Crime of the insurgents	257

CHAPTER IX	263

Increasing strength of the Liberals and resistance to the Government	270

Want of industry in the national character	9

The physical circumstances of Spain favoured commerce but not manufac tures	10

Effect of the longcontinued hostility with the Moors	11

Impolitic laws of Spain in regard to money	12

Important effect of the Romish faith	13

Difference of the towns and country in respect of political opinion	14

Disposition of the army	15

The church Page 1 2 3 ib 4 5 7 688 10 11 12 13 14 15	16

State of the peasantry	17

State of the nobility	18

Huge gap in the revenue from the loss of the South American colonies	19

38	20

Its extreme democratic tendency	21

Utter unsuitableness of the constitution to the generality of Spain	22

Universal unpopularity of the Cortes and constitution	23

Influence of the Cortes on South America	24

effect of the removal of the seat of government	25

Rio Janeiro	27

Its general adoption of English habits and ideas 27 Character of Ferdinand VII	29

Decree of Valencia	31

Universal transports in Spain at this decree and the kings return	32

VOL II	33

Ferdinands despotic measures Reestablishment of the Inquisition	34

Discontent in various quarters 36 Revolt of Mina in Navarre	36

Fresh arbitrary decree of Ferdinand	37

Further violent proceedings of the king and Porliers revolt	38

Its failure and his death	39

Invasion of France and retreat of the Spaniards Fresh tyrannical acts of the king	40

Change of ministers and policy at Madrid	41

Restoration of the Jesuits and other despotic measures	42

Double marriages of the royal families of Spain and Portugal	43

Creation of the kingdom of Brazil	44

Insurrection in Valencia	45

Abortive conspiracy in Barcelona and death of General Lacy	46

47 Papal bull regarding the contribution by the Spanish church	47

Treaty regarding the Queen of Etruria	48

Treaty for the limitation of the slavetrade	49

its army and navy	50

Extreme penury of the finances of Spain Decree April 3 1818	52

Disastrous fate of the first expedition to Lima	53

Fresh revolt at Valencia which is suppressed	54

Causes of the revolt in the Isle of Leon	55

Efforts of the Cadiz Liberals to promote	56

Insurrection at Cadiz	57

The conspiracy is at first arrested by dAbisbal	58

DAbisbal is deprived of the command of the expedition	59

Additional measures of severity on the part of the Government	60

Yellow fever at Cadiz	61

Sale of Florida to the Americans	62

Marriage of the king	63

Revolution attempted by Riego	64

Vigorous measures adopted against the insurgents	65

Capture of the arsenal and expedition of Riego into the interior	66

Its defeat and failure	67

Perilous position of Quiroga in the Isle of Leon	68

Insurrection at Corunna and in Navarre	69

the king accepts the constitution	70

Reflections on this revolution	71

Rapid advances of the revolution	72

Reception of the revolution at Barcelona Valencia and Cadiz	73

Massacre at Cadiz	74

New ministry at Madrid	75

First measures of the new government	76

Establishment of clubs in Madrid and other revolutionary measures	77

Financial measures	78

Tumult at Madrid and dismissal of Riego	79

Closing of the session and rupture with the king	80

Reception of the decree against the priests in Spain	81

Illegal appointment of General Carvajal by the king	82

Return of the king to Madrid	83

New society for execution of lynch law ib 94 Identity of recent history of Spain and Portugal	85

Revolution at Oporto	87

Establishment of a joint regency at Lisbon	88

Return of Marshal Beresford who is forced to go to England	89

Effect of the banishment of the British	90

Reaction and adoption of more moderate measures ib 101 Commencement of reforms in Italy	91

Breach of the kings promise of a constitution	92

Progressive but slight reforms already introduced	93

Origin of secret societies	94

Their origin and previous history ib 106 Commencement of the Neapolitan revolution	95

Defection of General Pepe and the garrison of Naples	96

The king yields and swears to the constitution	97

Causes which prepared revolution in Sicily	99

Revolution in Palermo	100

Frightful massacre in Palermo ib 112 First measures of the new junta	101

Failure of the negotiations with Naples	102

Suppression of the insurrection in Palermo	103

Renewal of hostilities	104

Meeting of the Neapolitan parliament	105

Insurrection of the galleyslaves in Civita Vecchia	106

Commencement of the revolution in Piedmont	107

Revolt in Alessandria and Turin	108

The king yields and accepts the constitution	109

General character of the revolutions of 1820 ib 123 What caused their speedy overthrow	111

What should the military do in such circumstances ?	112

Cause of the wretchedness of Ireland	116

Dreadful famine in the south and west of Ireland	122

Great fall in the price of all sorts of produce	128

Way in which it is carried into effect	142

31	143

General use of corporal chastisement	148

42	154

43	155

44	157

45	158

47	159

ib 48	160

49	161

50	162

51	163

ib 52	164

54	166

55	167

What is the destiny of Russia? ib 55 Two different people in Russia	168

56	169

ib 57	170

61	171

Incessant travels of Alexander from 1815 to 1825	172

Various beneficent measures introduced by him	173

63	174

27	175

65	176

Transactions of 1819	177

67	178

68	179

28	180

70	181

71	182

Congress of Laybach	183

Reflections on the division among the allied powers	184

Limits of the right of intervention	185

What share had the Holy Alliance in this?	187

Attitude taken by England on the occasion ib 77 War declared against the revolution in Naples	188

Unresisted march of the Austrians towards Naples	189

Subjugation of Naples and return of the king	190

Movement of the insurgents in Piedmont	191

Meeting of the Allies and fresh revolution in Genoa	192

Increasing difficulties of the insurgents 193	193

Total defeat of the insurgents at Agogna	194

Submission of the capital and termination of the war	195

Violent reaction in Italy	196

Reaction in Piedmont and treaty with Austria	197

Revolt in a regiment of guards at St Petersburg	198

Alexander refuses to support the Greeks	199

Extension of the Russian empire in North America	200

Suppression of freemasons and other secret societies	202

General failure of the emperors philanthropic projects	203

Dreadful flood at St Petersburg ib 9394 Description of the situation of St Petersburg 204205	204

Great inundation of St Petersburg	206

Noble charity of the emperor and nobles	207

Internal measures of 1824 and settlement of the boundaries of Russian America	208

her birth parentage marriage and character	209

Amours of the Czar	210

Death of Alexanders natural daughter	211

Reconciliation of the emperor and empress	212

Solemn service in the cathedral of Notre Dame de Kazan	213

His departure from the cathedral	214

His arrival at Taganrog	215

His last illness	216

And death	217

And funeral	218

Death and burial of the empress	219

Character of Alexander	220

His failings	221

State of the succession to the throne ib 112 Constantine refuses the throne	222

How this came about	223

Constantines previous renunciation of his right of succession	224

Nicholas refuses the crown and proclaims Constantine	225

Contest of generosity between the two brothers and Nicholas mounts the throne	226

Account of the conspiracy against him	227

Details on the conspiracy	228

Information given of the conspiracy to Alexander	229

120121 Plans of the conspirators 230231	230

A revolt is decided on by the conspirators	231

Commencement of it	232

Heroic conduct of Nicholas on the occasion	234

Nicholas advances against the rebels	236

Forces on both sides and irresolution of the chiefs of the revolt ib 127 Death of Milaradowitch	237

The Archbishop also fails in reducing the mutineers	238

The emperor gains the victory	239

Seizure of the leaders of the conspiracy and generous conduct of Nicholas to the privates	240

29	241

Its composition and report	242

30	243

And in that of the west	244

Arrest of the Mouravieffs and outbreak of the conspiracy in the army of Poland	245

election of the Abbé Grégoire	276

Change in the ministry	282

The Duke de Berri	289

His biography	290

And marriage with the Princess Caroline of Naples ib 34 Louvel his assassin	291

Assassination of the Duke de Berri	292

3637 His last moments 293294	294

His death	295

Immense sensation which it produced	296

Chateaubriands words on the occasion	297

General indignation against M Decazes	298

The king resolves to support him	299

He at length agrees to his dismissal	300

Resignation of M Decazes and the Duke de Richelieu sent for	301

The kings inclination for Platonic attachments	302

Her first interview with Louis which proves successful ib 48 Character of M Decazes	304

Merits of his measures as a statesman ib 50 Division of parties in the Assembly after M Decazes fall	306

Funeral of the Duke de Berri and execution of Louvel	307

5253 Ministerial measures of the session Argument against the first 308309	308

Answer by the Government	309

5556 Censorship of the press Argument against it by the Opposition	311

5758 Answer by the Ministerialists 312313	312

Result of the debate	314

Reflections on this subject	315

Alarming state of the country and defensive measures of Government	316

Denunciation of the secret government	317

Ministerial project of a new electoral law	318

6467 Argument against it by the Opposition 319321	319

6872 Answer by the Ministerialists 321324	321

CamilleJourdans amendment carried	325

The amendment of M Boin is carried by Government	326

Disturbances in Paris	327

Which become serious ib 77 Loud declamation on the subject in the Chamber of Deputies	328

The budget	330

Military conspiracy headed by Lafayette	331

Their designs and efforts to corrupt the troops	333

Which fails by accident	334

Lenity shown in the prosecutions ib 84 Birth of the Duke of Bordeaux	335

Universal transports in France	336

Congratulations from the European powers and promotions in France	338

Rupture with the Doctrinaires	339

Views of the Doctrinaires	340

Views of the Royalists ib 90 Disturbances in the provinces Internal measures of the Government	342

Changes in the household	343

Ordonnance regarding public instruction	345

Result of the elections favourable to the Royalists	347

Effect of the change in the Assembly	348

Accession of Villèle c to the ministry	349

Speech of the king and answer of the Chambers	350

Measures of the session fixing the boundaries of the electoral districts	351

Law for additional ecclesiastical endowments	352

Modifications in the cornlaws ib 102 Law for the indemnity of the Imperial donataries	353

Law regarding the censorship of the press	354

Speech of M Pasquier on the occasion	355

Increasing irritation of parties and difficulties of the ministry	356

Rupture with the Royalists and fall of the Richelieu ministry	358

The new ministry	359

Reflections on this event	360

Great effects of the change in the electoral law	361

Defects of the representative system in France	362

Undue ascendancy of the PartiPrêtre ib 112 Cause of the reaction against Liberal institutions	363

Death of Napoleon	364

Reflections on his captivity	365

Great exaggeration regarding the English treatment of him	366

Lamartines account of his exile	368

Irritation between him and Sir Hudson Lowe	369

All parties were wrong regarding his treatment at St Helena	371

Change on Napoleon before his death ib 120 His death	372

His funeral	373

Immense sensation it excited in Europe	374

He was the last of the men who rule their age	375

CHAPTER X	376

Difference in the causes which produced discontent in the two countries	377

Great effects of the change in the monetary laws	378

Mr Smiths views on this subject	379

Great effects of any variation in the value of the standard of value ib 6 Examples of this from former times	380

Discovery and wonderful effects of a paper currency	382

Advantages of a paper circulation duly limited	383

What is the standard of value?	384

Vast effect of variations in the currency	385

When this effect takes place	386

Vast importance of an inconvertible currency as a regulator of prices	387

Seditious meetings in other quarters	411

Death of George III	419

Their final plans	425

Death and character of Mr Grattan	432

Difficulties of this subject and necessity of an assessment	440

S Page 62 Effect of education in leading to the dispersion of mankind	442

Disfranchisement of Grampound and transfer of its members to Yorkshire	443

Rise of freetrade ideas among the merchants and Lord Lansdownes declaration on the subject	444

6567 Lord Liverpools memorable speech in reply 445447	445

Appointment of a committee to inquire into agricultural distress	448

7274 Answer by Mr Ricardo 450452	450

Additional facts since discovered on this subject	453

Commencement of the troubles about the queen	454

Sketch of her life prior to this period	455

Her conduct abroad and proceedings in consequence of it	456

Omission of the queens name in the Liturgy and her return to England	457

Her landing in England and enthusiastic reception	458

Views of the Radical leaders on the occasion	459

Enthusiastic reception of the queen at Dover and in London	460

Failure of the negotiations and commencement of the inquiry	461

Scene which ensued on the trial	462

Progress of the trial and its difficulties	463

Peroration of Mr Broughams defence	464

Queens defence and failure of the bill	465

General transports of the people	467

Rapid reaction of public opinion ib 90 Consternation of the Ministry who resolve to remain at their posts	468

Return of popularity of Government and causes of it	469

Meeting of Parliament and first proceedings	470

Debates on foreign affairs	471

Sir James Mackintoshs efforts to improve the criminal law ib 95 Mr Cannings striking speech on Catholic emancipation	472

Answer by Mr Peel	473

Which is carried in the Commons and lost in the Peers	474

Lord John Russells motion for parliamentary reform	475

Appointment of a committee to inquire into agricultural distress	476

Bank Cash Payment Bill	477

Vehement demand for a reduction of taxation	479

Agricultural committee reports and state of the consumption of articles of luxury	480

Increase of the desire for reform among the agriculturists	482

Coronation of George IV	483

Ceremony on the occasion	484

Aspect of Wellington Londonderry and George IV	485

her death	486

Funeral of the queen	487

Dismissal of Sir R Wilson from the army	488

Changes in the Cabinet	489

Retirement of Lord Sidmouth who is succeeded by Mr Peel as Home Secretary	490

Lord Wellesley appointed Viceroy of Ireland and change in the govern ment there	491

Details of the measure	521

Internal changes arising from the same cause	528

Peculiar causes which augmented this divergence	534

IMG Page 5 His defects	539

Viscount Chateaubriand	540

His merits as an orator	544

His character as a statesman	545

de Villèle	546

His peculiar turn of mind and course of policy	548

de Corbière M Mathieu de Montmorency M de Peyronnet Victor	550

Law regarding the press	551

Its stringent provisions	552

Discussion on it	553

Rise of the Carbonari and secret societies in France	555

Rise of Carbonarism in France ib 18 Abortive conspiracy at Béfort	557

Bertons conspiracy at Thouars	558

Conspiracy at La Rochelle ib 21 Trial and execution of the conspirators	560

Reflections on these events	561

Insurrection at Colmar Marseilles and Toulon	563

Budget of 1822	564

Favourable result of the elections to the Royalists	565

State of public opinion	566

Attempted restoration of the royal authority at Madrid	567

What is to be done with the educated classes?	568

Conduct of the Cortes and appointment of a new Ministry	569

Effect produced in Spain by the crushing of the revolution in Italy	570

Extraordinary outbreak of revolutionary fury in the east of Spain ib 32 Revolutionary laws passed by the Cortes	571

Barbarous murder of the priest Vinuesa	572

Institution of the Order of the Hammer	573

Insurrection in Navarre and appointment of Murillo at Madrid	574

Proceedings of the Cortes	575

Deplorable state of the finances and measures regarding them	576

Fresh tumults in Madrid ib 39 Resignation of General Murillo	577

The secret societies or Communeros	578

Riegos plot at Saragossa and his arrest	579

Suppression of the tumults thence arising at Madrid	580

Yellow fever at Barcelona ib 44 Fresh agitation	581

Refusal of Cadiz and Seville to receive the kings governors and revolt at Corunna	583

Opening of an extraordinary Cortes ib 47 Contradictory resolutions of the Cortes	584

Irresolute conduct of the king and Royalist insurrection in the north	585

Proposed laws against the press and patriotic societies	586

Riots in Madrid on the passing of a bill against the press ib 51 Composition of the new Cortes	587

New ministry	589

Opening of the Cortes and disastrous state of the finances ib 54 General disturbances in Spain	590

Desperate assault of Cervera	594

Departure of the royal guard from Madrid	600

The new ministry and provincial appointments	606

Continued disasters of the Royalists and flight of the regency from	612

Congress of Verona agreed on by all the powers	619

Brilliant assemblage of princesses and courtiers at Verona	627

Entry of the Duke dAngoulême into Madrid	688

Its provisions	694

Defeat and capture of Riego	700

America	713

Meeting of the Chambers and measures announced in the royal speech	723

Statistics of France in this year	729

Political inferences from the result of the Spanish revolution	735

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Common terms and phrases

Alessandria Alexander amidst Andalusia appointed ardent arms army assembled Biog Cadiz capital Carbonari cause CHAP character circumstances civilisation Colletta colonies command Congress of Vienna conspiracy constitution convoked Cortes Corunna Custine Czar d'Abisbal death declared decree democratic despotic dominions Duke Duke de Berri effect emperor empire English entire ere long established Europe force France Galicia Grand-duke guards Hist hundred immediately immense important influence inhabitants institutions insurgents insurrection junta king kingdom labour land Liberal Madrid manner March Martignac measures ment military Minister monarchy Naples Napoleon Neapolitan Nicholas nobles officers palace Palermo party passions peasants Peninsula Pepe persons Poland political Portugal Prince proclaimed provinces ranks regiments rendered restored revolution revolutionary revolutionists Riego royal Royalists Russia Schnitzler Sept serfs society soldiers soon sovereign Spain Spanish spirit St Petersburg thousand throne tion towns treaty troops Turin ukase Valencia vast VIII violent Warsaw whole

Popular passages

Page 307 - With scutcheons of silver the coffin is shielded, And pages stand mute by the canopied pall : Through the courts, at deep midnight, the torches are gleaming ; In the proudly-arched chapel the banners are beaming ; Far adown the long aisle sacred music is streaming, Lamenting a chief of the people should fall.‎

Appears in 202 books from 1806-2007

Page 715 - It would be disingenuous, indeed, not to admit that the entry of the French army into Spain was, in a certain sense, a disparagement — an affront to the pride— a blow to the feelings of England...‎

Appears in 58 books from 1826-2007

Page 720 - You well know, gentlemen, how soon one of those stupendous masses, now reposing on their shadows in perfect stillness — how soon, upon any call of patriotism, or of necessity, it would assume the likeness of an animated thing, instinct with life and motion — how soon it would ruffle, as it were, its swelling plumage — how quickly it would put forth all its beauty and its bravery — collect its scattered elements of strength, and awaken its dormant thunder.‎

Appears in 171 books from 1785-2006

Page 464 - Such, my Lords, is the case now before you ! Such is the evidence in support of this measure — evidence inadequate to prove a debt — impotent to deprive of a civil right — ridiculous to convict of the lowest offence — scandalous if brought forward to support a charge of the highest nature which the law knows — monstrous to ruin the honour, to blast the name, of an English Queen...‎

Appears in 94 books from 1820-2006

Page 487 - This is one of the happiest days of my life. I have long wished to visit you : my heart has always been Irish — from the day it first beat, I have loved Ireland. This day has shown me that I am beloved by my Irish subjects. Rank, station, honours, are nothing; but to feel. that I live in the hearts of my Irish subjects, is to me the most exalted happiness.‎

Appears in 58 books from 1821-2007

Page 635 - ... opinion, that to animadvert upon the internal transactions of an independent state, unless such transactions affect the essential interests of his Majesty's subjects, is inconsistent with those principles on which his Majesty has invariably acted on all questions relating to the internal concerns of other countries ; that such animadversions, if made, must involve his Majesty in serious responsibility, if they should produce any effect ; and must irritate, if they should not...‎

Appears in 32 books from 1785-2005

Page 235 - Thus having spoke, the illustrious chief of Troy Stretch'd his fond arms to clasp the lovely boy. The babe clung crying to his nurse's breast, Scared at the dazzling helm, and nodding crest. With secret pleasure each fond parent smiled, And Hector hasted to relieve his child, The glittering terrors from his brows unbound, And placed the beaming helmet on the ground; Then...‎

Appears in 147 books from 1804-2007

Page 465 - ... from the roots and the stem of the tree. Save that country, that you may continue to adorn it ; save the crown which is in jeopardy, the aristocracy which is shaken ; save the altar, which must stagger with the blow that rends its kindred throne...‎

Appears in 130 books from 1803-2000

Page 465 - It will go forth your judgment, if sentence shall go against the queen. But it will be the only judgment you ever pronounced which, instead of reaching its object, will return and bound back upon those who give it.‎

Appears in 58 books from 1817-2000

Page 715 - I may say, to the number of weights which might be shifted into the one or the other scale. To look to the policy of Europe in the times of William and Anne for the purpose of regulating the balance of power in Europe at the present day, is to disregard the progress of events, and to confuse dates and facts which throw a reciprocal light upon each other.‎

Appears in 37 books from 1826-1971

Bibliographic information

Title	History of Europe from the Fall of Napoleon in MDCCCXV to the Accession of Louis Napoleon in MDCCCLII. Volume 2 of History of Europe from the Fall of Napoleon in MDCCCXV to the Accession of Louis Napoleon in MDCCCLII, Archibald Alison
Author	Archibald Alison
Publisher	W. Blackwood & Sons, 1856
Original from	the New York Public Library
Digitized	7 Aug 2007

Export Citation	BiBTeX EndNote RefMan

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