Athelstan, reign of, 29.
Atterbury, Bishop, attainder of, 540.
Augustin lands in Thanet, 16.

BABINGTON, Anthony, conspires for the
release of Mary, Queen of Scots, 263.
Bacon, Francis, Lord, counsel against his
friend Essex, 284: condemned for
bribery, and pardoned, 301.
Balliol, John, King of Scotland under
Edward I., 93.

Balliol, Edward, King of Scotland, 105.
Balmerino, execution of Lord, in 1746,
568.

Bank of England established, 469.
Battles.-Ethandune, 24; Brunan-burh,
30: Hastings, 43; Tinchenbrai, 54;
battle of the Standard, 57; Lincoln, 58;
Bouvines, 82; Evesham, 91; Stirling,
96; Falkirk, 97; Bannockburn, 101;
Cressy, 108; Nevill's Cross, 109; Poi-
tiers, 111; Najara, 112; Homildon Hill,
123; Shrewsbury, 124; Agincourt, 127;
Crevant, and Verneuil, 132; battle of
Herrings, 134; 1st battle of St. Albans,
142; Blore Heath, 143; Northampton,
ib.; Wakefield, ib.; Mortimer's Cross,
144; 2nd battle of St. Albans, ib.; Tow-
ton, ib.; Hedgeley Moor, 145; Hexham,
ib.; Barnet, 148; Tewkesbury, ib.; Bos-
worth, 155; battle of the Spurs, 170; Flod-
den, ib.; Pinkie, 221; Cliff Heath, 225;
Dussin Dale, 226; Carberry Hill, 254;
Langside, 256; Edgecot, 328; Round-
way Down, 331; 1st b. of Newbury, 332;
Marston Moor, 335; 2nd b. of Newbury,
ib.; Naseby, 337; Rowton Heath, 339;
Philiphaugh, ib.; Stow-in-the-Wold,
340 Preston, 350; Dunbar, 359; Wor-
cester, 361; Rullion Green, 394; Drum-
clog, 407; Bothwell Bridge, ib.; Sedg
moor, 418; Newton Butler, 448; Killie-
crankie, 450; Boyne, 454; Aghrim, 459;
La Hogue, 464; Steinkirk, 465; Landen,
467; Blenheim, 497; Malaga, 500; Ra
milies, 505: Almanza. 510: Oudenarde,
512; Malplaquet, 514; Almenara, 519;
Preston, 529; Sheriffmuir, ib.; Dettin-
gen, 555; Fontenoy, 556; Prestonpans,
559; Falkirk, 564; Culloden, 567; Lau-
feld, 570; Plassey, 581; Minden, 584;
Quebec, 585; Lexington, 610; Bunker's
Hill, 611; Brooklyn, 614; the Brandy-
wine, 616; Cape St. Vincent (Rodney),
624; Cowpens, 627; Guilford, ib.; Cam-
den, 628; Guadaloupe, 631; Howe's
engagement with the Brest fleet. 715;
Cape St. Vincent (Jervis), 724; Camper-
down, 728; the Nile, 730; Vinegar Hill,
733; Copenhagen, 745; Aboukir, 746;
Cape Finisterre, 754; Trafalgar, 756;
Laswarrec, 759; Assye, 760: Argaum,
ib. Maida, 764; Copenhagen bom-
harded, 769; Roliça, 772; Vimiero, ib.;
Corunna, 773; passage of the Douro,
774; Talavera, 778; Busaco, 780: Ba-
rossa, 782; Fuentes d'Onoro, ib.; Albu-
era, ib.; Salamanca, 786; Vittoria, 759;
battles of the Pyrenees, ib. Orthes,
791; Toulouse, ib.; Buffalo, 795; Quatre!

Bras, 801; Waterloo, 802; Meehudpoor,
840; Navarino, 843; Ferozeshah, 900.
Baxter, Richard, trial of, 416.

Bayeux tapestry, the, 40.
Beaton, Cardinal, all-powerful in Scot-
land, 207; assassinated at St. Andrew's,
210.

Beaufort, Cardinal, brother of Henry IV.,
133, 138, 139.

Becket, Thomas, career of, 62-66.
Bedford, Duke of, brother of Henry V.,
appointed Regent of France, 132; vic-
torious at Verneuil, ib.; besieges Or-
leans, 134; is repulsed by Joan of Arc,
137.

Belhaven, Lord, opposes the Union of
Scotland with England, 50s.

Beresford, Marshal, organizes the Portu-
guese army, 780; victorious at Albuera,
782.

Berlin Decree of Napoleon I., the, 766,
Bernadotte, Marshal, elected King of
Sweden, 781; acts against Napoleon,
790.

Bible, translations of the, 115, 184, 200,
287.

Bishops, trial of the, 427.
Blake, General, meets Prince Rupert in
the Irish seas, 357; pursues Rupert,
362; engagements with Van Tromp, De
Ruyter, and De Witt, 363, 364, 366, 368;
doings in the Mediterranean, 371; cap-
tures Spanish treasures, 373; last en-
gagement and death, 375.
Boadicea, defeat and death of, 7.
Bonner, Bishop of London, a zealous per-
secutor, 228, 239.

Bothwell, James Hepburn, Earl of, coun-
sellor of Mary, Queen of Scots, 252;
tried for the murder of Darnley, 253;
marries the Queen, 254; his end, ib.
Bradshaw, President of the High Court of
Justice for the trial of Charles I., 352.
Brougham's, Henry, Lord, educational
labours, 811; defends Queen Caroline,
828; as a law reformer, 844.

Bruce, Edward, crowned King of Ireland,
101.

Bruce.

See Robert.
Buckingham, Duke of, an abettor of
Richard III. in his designs upon the
throne, 151; goes over to the party of
Richmond, 153; beheaded, 154
Buckingham, Duke of, son of the fore-
going, executed for treason, 173.
Buckingham, George Villiers, Duke of,
favourite of James I., 297: accompanies
the Prince of Wales (Charles I.) to Stain
as Thomas Smith, 302; impeached, 304.
commander at La Rochelle, 306; assas-
sinated by Felton, 307.

Buckingham, Duke of, popular minister
of Charles II., 395.
Burdett, Sir Francis, committed to the
Tower, 779.

Burgoyne, General, sent against the
Americans, 611, 616; surrenders at
Saratoga, 617.

Burke, Edmund, enters public life, 594 :
his measure of economical reform, 622:
abhorrence of the French Revolution,

680; publishes Reflections on the Revo-
lution, 682; separation from Fox, 683;
death, 728.

Bute, Lord, favourite of George III., 586;
prime minister, 590.

Byng, Admiral, 511, 536, 577; shot for
alleged cowardice, 579.

CABAL ministry, the, 395.
Cade, Jack, rebellion of, 140.
Cæsar's invasions of Britain, 2.
Calais lost in the reign of Mary, 242.
Calcutta, the Black Hole of, 580.
Calder, Sir Robert, engages the French
and Spanish fleets off Cape Finisterre,

754.

Calendar, reform of the, 571.

Canada, rebellion in, 879.

Canals, formation of, 645.

Canning, George, a supporter of Pitt, 718;
premier, 837; death, 838.

Canute, reign of, 35.

Caractacus defeated by the Romans, 5.
Carew, Sir Thomas, opposes Queen Mary's
Spanish marriage, 233.

Caroline of Anspach, Queen of George II.,
543; antipathy to her son, ib.; her
death, 549.

Caroline of Brunswick, Queen of George
IV., 719; inquiry into her conduct, 762;
her trial, 828; death, 830.

Carr, Robert, favourite of James I., created

Earl of Somerset, 296; his trial, convic-
tion, and pardon, 298.

Carteret, lord lieutenant of Ireland, 540;
succeeds to Walpole's power, 554.
Cassivelaunus opposes Cæsar, 2.
Castlereagh's, Lord, duel with Canning,
778; death, 831.

Catherine of Arragon, married to Prince
Arthur, 165; married to Henry VIII.,
167; trial, 179; divorced, 185.
Catherine Howard, fifth wife of Henry
VIII., 206; put to death, 207.
Catherine Parr, sixth wife of Henry VIII.,
207 suspected of Lutheranism, 212;
married to Admiral Seymour, 223.
Catholic Emancipation, 836, 847.
Cato Street conspiracy, the, 826.
Caxton, the first English printer, 158.
Cecil, Lord Burleigh, private secretary to

the Protector Somerset, 227; chief ad-
viser of Queen Elizabeth, 244; death,
282.

Cecil, Robert, an enemy to Essex, 283;
corresponds secretly with James VI..
ib.; proclaims James I. of England,
286; triumphs over his rival Raleigh,
287; created Earl of Salisbury, 289; his
death, 296.

Charlemont, Earl of, leader of the Irish
in 1782, 633.

Charles I., when Prince of Wales, journeys

into France and Spain as John Smith,
302; project of a Spanish marriage
abandoned, ib.; accession, and marriage
with Henrietta Maria of France, 303;
relations with France and Spain, 305;
assents to the Petition of Right, 307;
illegal acts and exactions, 310; visits

915

Scotland, and is crowned there, 311:
his attempts to introduce prelacy into
Scotland result in the National Cove-
nant, 312; despotic measures, 313: the
treaty of Ripon, 314; consents to the
attainder of Strafford, 318; vainly at-
tempts arbitrary taxation, 319; goes to
Scotland, ib. ; the Irish rebellion, 320;
returns to London, 321; the struggle of
parties becomes more formidable, ib.;
Christmas at Whitehall, ib.; Round-
heads and Cavaliers, 322; the King in-
vades the Commons, 323; the crisis,
324; the Commons decide to arm, 325;
the royal standard raised at Notting-
ham, 326; appoints Prince Rupert com-
mander of the horse, ib.; a royal pro-
testation published at Wellington, 328:
battle of Edgecot, ib.; in winter quar-
ters at Oxford, 329; meets commission-
ers from the parliament, 329; victory at
Roundway Down, 331; the royal army
gains strength, 332; siege of Gloucester,
ib.; battle of Newbury, 333; the King's
parliament at Oxford, 334; Oxford be-
sieged, ib.; the battle of Marston Moor,
335, second battle of Newbury, ib.:
commissioners meet at Uxbridge, 336;
battle of Naseby, 337; siege of Basing
house, 338; Charles retires to Oxford.
339; gives himself up to the Scots at
Newark, 341; is left with the English
commissioners, 342; lodged at Holmby
house, ib.; conveyed to the army, 344;
rejects moderate proposals, 345; lodged
at Hampton Court, 345; takes refuge in
the Isle of Wight, 346; concludes an
alliance with Scottish commissioners at
Carisbrook, 347; abortive attempts at
escape, 349; meeting with parliamen-
tary commissioners, 351; removed to
Hurst Castle, ib.; failure of the last
hope, 352; trial, 353; execution, ib.
Charles II., when Prince of Wales, appoin-
ted generalissimo in the western coun-
ties, 337; leaves the country, 340; pro-
claimed King of Scotland, 356; lands in
Scotland, 358; crowned at Scone, 360;
enters England, ib. ; defeated at Worces-
ter, 361; takes refuge in France, 362:
at Breda, 381; receives overtures, and
sends letters to parliament, 382; the
declaration from Breda, ib.; lands at
Dover, 383; execution of the regicides,
384; the remains of Cromwell di-in-
terred, ib.; coronation, 385; restores
episcopacy, 386; Act of Uniformity,
386; marries Catherine of Braganza,
388; sells Dunkirk, ib.; intolerance to
the dissenters, 389; the plague, i.; the
Five Mile Act, 390; Fire of London,
392; the Scottish Covenanters rise, 394;
their defeat at Rullion Green, ib.; the
Dutch fleet blockades the Thames, ib. ;
the Triple Alliance, 396; secret treaty
with France, 397; further persecutions,
397; the attempt of Blood to steal the
regalia, 398; war with Holland, 399; a
declaration of indulgence issued, ib. ; the
King accepts a pension from Louis XIV.,
401; the Popish plot, 402; the Exclu

interferes in behalf of the Vaudois, 372;
forms alliance with France, 372; seeks
to give the Jews liberty, 372; escapes
assassination, 374; receives the Petition
and Advice, but refuses the crown,
375; his daughters married to noble-
men, 376; acquires Dunkirk, 377; his
death, ib.

Cromwell, Richard, brief protectorate of,
377, 378.

Cromwell, Thomas, succeeds to Wolsey's
power, 180; his various offices, 189;
created Earl of Essex, 205; perishes by
attainder, 206.

Crusades, the, 51, 69, 71, 92.

Cumberland, Duke of, son of George II.,
at Dettingen, 555; at Fontenoy, 556;
sent against Prince Charles, 562; defeats
the Highlanders at Culloden, 567; bar-
barities after the battle, ib.
Cumberland. Ernest-Augustus, Duke of,
becomes King of Hanover, 878.
Cunobelin, King of the Trinobantes, 3.

DALRYMPLE, Sir John, commissioner from
Scotland to William III., 449; responsi-
ble for the massacre of Glencoe, 461.
Dalziel, General, defeats the Covenanters,
394.

Danby, Thomas Osborne, Earl of, chief
minister of Charles II., 400; impeached,

404.

Danes, ravages of the, 18; massacre of
the, 35.

Darien scheme, the, 480.

Darnley, Henry Stuart, Lord, husband of
Mary, Queen of Scots, 250; his death,
253.

Debt, the national, 466, 571, 638.
Defoe, Daniel, trial of, 492.
Derbyshire insurrection, the, 814.
Derwentwater, Lord, execution of, 531.
Despensers, the, favourites of Edward II.,
102, 104.

Digby, Lord, a supporter of Charles I.,
324; routed at Sherborne, 339.
Discovery, voyages of, 216, 269, 293, 704.
Disruption of the Scotch Church, 897.
Domesday Book, 47.

Drake, Admiral, exploits of, 268, 271, 273,

917

Ironside, 36; chosen king, 44; flees to
Scotland, 45; a pensioner of William
the Conqueror, 46.
Edmund, reign of, 30.
Edmund Ironside opposes the Danes, 86.
Edred, reign of, 31.

Education, state of, 218, 811, 875.
Edward, King, son of Alfred, 28.
Edward the Confessor, 37; his character,
and Norman predilections, 38; quarrels
with Godwin, 39; death at Westmin-
ster, 42.

Edward I., swears to the Provisions of
Oxford, 89; taken prisoner at Lewes,
90; victorious at Evesham, 91; sets out
for the Holy Land, 92; accession, ib. ; at
the siege of Acre, ib.; returns to Eng-
land, ib.; subdues Wales, 93, 94; re-
ceives homage from John Balliol for
Scotland, 95; invades Scotland, ib.; de-
feats Wallace at Falkirk, 97; reduces
Stirling Castle, 98; dies at Burgh-on-
the Sands, 99.

Edward II., born at Caernarvon, 94; acces-
sion, 99; his favouritism, 100; marries
Isabella of France, ib. revolt of the
barons, ib.; invades Scotland and is de-
feated at Bannockburn, 101; concludes
a treaty with Scotland, 103; attacked
by Queen Isabella and Prince Edward,
ib.; imprisoned and murdered in Berke-
ley Castle, 104.

Edward III. marries Philippa of Hainault,
105; obtains a naval victory, 106; forms
an alliance with the Flemings, 106; in-
vades France, 107; victorious at Cressy,
108; besieges Calais, 109; concludes the
peace of Bretigny, 112; death, 113.
Edward IV., son of Richard of York, 141;
flees to Calais, 143; defeats Pembroke
at Mortimer's Cross, 144; victorious also
at Towton, ib.; crowned, ib.; marries
Elizabeth Woodville, 145; puts down
insurrection, 146; is forced to flee to
the Hague, 147; lands at Ravenspur,
ib.; defeats Warwick at Barnet, 148;
and Margaret at Tewkesbury, ib.; in-
vades France, 149; concludes a treaty
at Pecquigny, ib.; death, 150.
Edward V. enters London, 151; mur-
dered in the Tower, 152.

Edward VI., birth of, 200; accession, 220;
fosters the Reformation, 222; risings
throughout England in favour of the
old system, 224; siege of Exeter, ib.;
concludes peace with France, 230;
makes a settlement of the crown in
favour of Lady Jane Grey, 231; last
illness and death, ib.

Edward, son of Edgar, reign of, 33.
Edward, the Black Prince, heroic conduct
of, at Cressy, 109; victorious at Poitiers,
111; and at Najara, 112; takes Limoges,
113; death, ib.

Edwin, conversion of King, 17.
Edwy the Fair, reign of, 32.
Egbert, King of Wessex, 18.

Eldon's, Lord, determined opposition to
the Catholic Relief Bill, 847.
Eleanor of Castile, wife of Edward I., 92.

159.

Elizabeth, Queen, birth of, 186; declared
illegitimate, 210; joins Mary after the
death of Edward, 232; imprisoned in
the Tower, 235; her accession, 243;
strongly supports the Reformation. 243;
her views of marriage, ib.; forwards the
Reformation, 245; assists the Scottish
Reformers, 246; concludes the treaty of
Edinburgh, 247; aids the French Pro-
testants, 249; receives Mary, Queen of
Scots, into custody, 257; insurrection in
the northern counties, 259; the Queen
is excommunicated by Pius V.. 259;
stringent enactments against the Jesuits,
262; hesitation in regard to the execu-
tion of Mary, 266; makes preparation to
meet the Armada, 269; suggests the em-
ployment of fire-ships, 273; supports
Henry of Navarre, 278; death, 286.
Elizabeth, Princess, daughter of James I.,
married to Frederick, the Elector Pala-
tine, 296.

Elliot, General, sustains the siege of Gib-
raltar, 635.

Emmett, Robert, execution of, 750.
Empson and Dudley, instruments of
Henry VII.'s extortions, 166.
Essex, Earl of, sent to aid Henry of Na-
varre, 279; commands an expedition to
Spain. 280; lord lieutenant of Ireland,
282: guilty of treason, 283; trial and
execution, 284.

Essex, Earl of, leader of the parliamentary
party, 321; joins the army with the
London trainbands, 327; at Edgecot,
328; takes Reading, 331; victorious at
Newbury, 333; gives in his resignation,

337.

Essex.

See Cromwell.
Ethelbald, brother of Alfred, reign of, 20.
Ethelbert, King, conversion of, 16.
Ethelbert, brother of Alfred, reign of, 20.
Ethelfleda, the Lady of Mercia, daughter
of Alfred, 29.

Ethelred, brother of Alfred, reign of, 20.
Ethelred, son of Edgar, reign of, 33.
Ethelwulf, son of Egbert, reign of, 18.
Eugene, Prince, commander of the im-
perial army, 489.

Exmouth, Lord, bombards Algiers, 807.

at

FAIRFAX, Thomas, refuses to join the king's
body-guard, 325; scene at York, ib.;
nominated general, 336; victor
Naseby, 337; proceeds with the army
to London, 345; resigns, 359; unites
with Monk, 380.
Falkland, Lord, votes for removing the
bishops from the House of Peers, 321;
falls at Newbury, 333.

Fawkes, Guido, engaged in the Gun-
powder Plot, 291.

Feudal system, under the Conqueror, 48;
end of the, 156.

Fisher, Bishop of Rochester, attainted,
187; executed, 189.

Fitzgerald, Lord, raises an insurrection
in Ireland, 195.

Flambard, Ralph, minister of William
Rufus, 50, 53.

Forster, Mr., leads the Jacobites in Eng-
land in 1715, 528.

Fox, holds office under Newcastle, 573;
raised to the peerage as Lord Holland,

590.

Fox, Charles James, in opposition, 629;
his India Bill, 665; rupture between
Burke and Fox, 683; his opposition to
war with France, 705; foreign secre-
tary, 761; death, 762.

Francis I., King of France, relations of,
with England, 172–220.
Franklin, Benjamin, mediator between
Britain and the colonies, 594; dis-
missed from office, 607; deputy to Con-
gress, 610; commissioner to Paris, 615;
minister plenipotentiary to France, 621.
Frederick, the Elector Palatine, marries
the Princess Elizabeth, 296; King of
Bohemia, 300; defeated by the Aus-
trians, ib.

Frederick, Prince of Wales, son of George
II., 543; marries the Princess of Saxe-
Gotha, 548; death, 572.

Frederick the Great, begins the Seven
Years' War, 578; his second campaign,
582.

French Revolution of 1789.-State of Paris
on the eve of the, 671; the States-
General convened, 673; Necker, con-
troller of finance, 674; the National
Assembly, ib.; destruction of the Bas-
tille, 675; La Fayette, commander of
the National Guard, 676; the rabble at
Versailles, 678; Mirabeau, president of
the National Assembly, 681; flight_of
the royal family, 685; they are dis-
covered and brought back, 686; the
Legislative Assembly, 687; Robespierre
and Danton, 688; declaration of Pil-
nitz, ib.; Talleyrand, agent of the go-
vernment in London, 689; invasion of
the Tuileries, 692; Petion, mayor of
Paris, 693; the Girondins and the
Mountain, ib.; sack of the Tuileries,
694; the royal family lodged in the
Temple, 695; flight of La Fayette, ib.:
massacres of September, 696; National
Convention, 697; France declared a re-
public, ib.; Dumouriez victorious at
Jemappes, ib. ; trial of Louis XVI., 699;
his execution, 700; defection of Du-
mouriez, 706; the Revolutionary Tri-
bunal, 706; issue of a-signats, 707; fall
of the Girondins, 708; Charlotte Corday
assassinates Marat, 708; insurrection of
Lyons, 710; siege of Toulon, 711; Na-
poleon Bonaparte, 711; insurrection in
La Vendée, 713; execution of the Queen,
714; fall of Robespierre and his asso-
ciates, 716; Carnot, the mind of the
French army, 717; death of the Dau-
phin, 719; Napoleon's attack on the
sections, 720; his Italian campaigns,