one for a single generation, not one, like that of the Heads of the Proposals' (see p. 555) or the Agreement of the People' (see p. 556) for several generations. Consequently it did not rouse the antagonism which had been fatal even to the best conceived plans of the Commonwealth and Protectorate. It is much to be regretted that the moral tone of the men who brought about the Revolution of 1689 was lower than that which had brought about the Revolution of 1641. That this was the case, however, was mainly the fault of the unwise attempt of the Puritans to enforce morality by law. The individual liberty which was encouraged by the later revolution would in due time work for morality as well as for political improvement.
Books recommended for further study of Part VII.
RANKE, L. English History (English translation).
AIRY, O. The English Restoration and Louis XIV.
Life of A. A. Cooper, first Earl of Shaftesbury. MACAULAY, Lord. History of England from the Accession of James II. Vols. i. and ii.
Constitutional History. Chapters XI.-XIV.
MAHAN, A. T. Influence of the Sea-power upon History. Chapters
ABBEY lands, the, distributed by Henry VIII., 400; Mary wishes for the re- storation of, 422
Aberdeen, Montrose's victory at, 547 Abhorrers, party name of, 620 Addled Parliament, the, 486 Admonition to Parliament, An, 446 Adwalton Moor, battle of, 538
Agitators, choice of, 554; propose to purge the House, 556
Agreement of the People, the, drawn up by the Agitators, 556
Agriculture, More's views on the decline of, 368; progress of, in Elizabeth's reign, 464
Aix-la-Chapelle, peace of, 599 Alasco, opinions of, 418
Albemarle, George Monk, Duke of, as George Monk, commands in Scotland, 575; effects the restoration, 576; created Duke of Albemarle, 580; holds a command in the battle off the North Foreland, 592; advises Charles II. not to dissolve Parliament, 599 Alençon, Francis, Duke of, Elizabeth proposes to marry, 446; entertained by Elizabeth, 454; attacks Antwerp, 455; death of, 456
Alexander VI., Pope, character of, 375 Alford, battle of, 549
Allen, Cardinal, founds a college at Douai, 453; plots to murder Elizabeth, 454
Alva, Duke of, his tyranny in the Ne- therlands, 443; discusses the murder of Elizabeth, 445; fails to reduce the Dutch, 449
Amicable Loan, the, 372
Anjou, Henry, Duke of, see Henry III., king of France
Annates, first Act of, 388; second Act of, 390
Anne, daughter of James II., birth of, 608; deserts James II., 645; settlement of the crown on, 647
Anne Boleyn, appears at Court, 380; is married to Henry VIII., 389; execu- tion of, 395
Anne of Cleves married to Henry VIII., 400; divorce of, 401
Antwerp attacked by Alençon, 455; taken by Parma, 456
Appeals, Act of, 389; provision for the hearing of, 391
Architecture, Elizabethan, 465; Stuart, 631, 632
Argyle, Archibald Campbell, Earl of, execution of, 636
Argyle, Archibald Campbell, Marquis of, opposed to Montrose, 547; execution of, 595
Arlington, Henry Bennet, Earl of, secre- tary to Charles II., 599; intrigues against Clifford, 607
Armada, the Invincible, sailing of, 458; destruction of, 462
Army, the New Model, formation of, 545; attempt of Parliament to disband, 553; choice of Agitators in, 554; gains possession of the king's person, 555; the heads of the proposals presented in the name of, ib.; drives out the eleven members, ib. ; turns against the king, 556, 557; expels members by Pride's Purge, ib.; its inability to reconstruct society after the king's execution, 560; overthrows Richard Cromwell, restores and expels the Rump, 575; brings back the Rump, ib.; receives Charles II. on Blackheath, 578; paid off, 584
Army, the Royal, beginning of, 584 Army plot, the, 531
Articles, the ten, 395; the six, 399; the forty-two, 420; the thirty-nine, ib.; declaration of Charles I.,prefixed to, 512 Arundel Castle taken and lost by Hopton, 542
Ashley, Lord, see Shaftesbury, Earl of
Baxter, imprisoned by Jeffreys, 635 Beaton, Cardinal, burns Wishart, 412; is murdered, 414
Bedingfield, Sir Henry, takes charge of Elizabeth, 423.
Benevolences raised by James I., 497 Berwick, Treaty of, 526
Bible, the, Henry VIII. authorises the translation of, 396
Bishops, nominated by congé d'élire, 391; first Bill for removing from the House of Lords, 533; impeachment of the twelve, 535; excluded from the House of Lords, 536
Bishops' War, the first, 526; the second,
Blackwater, the, defeat of Bagenal on,
Blake, defends Taunton, 518; appointed to command the fleet, 565; sent to the Mediterranean, 571; destroys Spanish ships at Santa Cruz, 573; death of, ib.
Bloody Assizes, the, 637
Bocher, Joan, burnt, 419 Bohemia, outbreak of the Thirty Years' War in, 490
Boleyn, Anne, see Anne Boleyn Bombay acquired by Charles II., 587 Bonner, Bishop, deprived of his see, 416 Booth, Sir George, defeated at Winning- ton Bridge, 575
Bothwell, James Hepburn, Earl of, career of, 439
Bothwell Bridge, defeat of the Covenan- ters at, 620
Boulogne, taken by Henry VIII., 405; surrendered by Warwick, 417
Bourbon, the Duke of, revolt of, 371; death of, 374
Boxley, destruction of the rood of, 398 Breda, declaration of, 576; treaty of, 593 Brentford, Charles I. at, 537
Bridgman, Sir Orlando, declares that the king's ministers are responsible, 581
Bridgwater taken by Fairfax, 549; Mon- mouth at, 637
Brill seized by exiles from the Nether- lands, 449
Bristol stormed by Rupert, 538 Browne, Archbishop of Dublin, destroys relics and images in Ireland, 402 Browne, Robert, founder of the Separat- ists, 470
Brownists, see Separatists
Bucer, Martin, teaches in England, 416 Buckingham, George Villiers, First
Duke of, becomes Marquis of Bucking- ham and Lord Admiral, 488; accom- panies Charles to Madrid, 497; be- comes Duke of Buckingham, and advo- cates war with Spain, 500; promises money for foreign wars, 501; his ascendency over Charles I., 502; tries to pawn the crown jewels, 503; lends ships to fight against Rochelle, 504; impeachment of, 505; leads an expedi- tion to Ré, 506; feeling of Wentworth towards, 508; murder of, 510 Buckingham, George Villiers, Second Duke of, in favour with Charles II., 599; his sham treaty with France, 603; dismissal of, 608
Buckingham, Henry Stafford, Duke ot, execution of, 369
Buildings, improvement in, in Elizabeth's time, 465
Bunyan writes Pilgrim's Progress, 596 Burghley, William Cecil, Lord, as Sir William Cecil becomes the chief adviser of Elizabeth, 429; urges Elizabeth to assist the Scotch Protestants, 433; becomes Lord Burghley and discovers the Ridolfi plot, 445; death of, 480 Burnet, Gilbert, his conversation with William of Orange, 645,
Burton, sentenced by the Star Chamber, 521
Butler, author of Hudibras, 597
regaining, 436; the Armada takes re- fuge in, 462; Cromwell's anxiety to recover, 571
Calvin, his work at Geneva, 430 Calvinism influences Elizabethan Pro- testantism, 430
Cambrai, league of, 363; treaty of, 383 Campeggio, Cardinal, appointed legate
to hear the divorce case of Henry VIII., 382
Campion lands in England, 453; execu- tion of, 454
Carberry Hill, Mary's surrender at, 439 Cardinal College founded by Wolsey, 377, 383; see Christchurch Carisbrooke Castle, detention of Charles I. in, 556
Carolina, colonisation of, 629 Cartwright advocates the Presbyterian system, 446
Casket letters, the, 440
Castlemaine, Lady, uses her influence against Clarendon, 594 Câteau Cambresis, peace of, 431 Catesby plans Gunpowder Plot, 483 Catharine of Aragon, marriage of, 363: Henry VIII. grows tired of, 379; divorce suit against, 382; is divorced, 389; the sentence of Clement VII. in favour of, 390; death of, 395 Catharine of Braganza marries Charles II., 587
Catherine de Medicis, widow of Henry II., king of France, becomes regent, 433 takes part in the massacre of St. Bartholomew, 449
Catherine Howard, marriage and execu- tion of, 401
Catherine Parr, marriage of, 401 Catholics, Roman, laws directed against, 453, 454; their position at the end of Elizabeth's reign, 475; increased per- secution of, after Gunpowder Plot, 483; negotiation between James I. and Spain for the relief of, 488; tendency of Charles II. to support, 584; declaration for the toleration of, issued by Charles II., 587; perse- cuted about the Popish Plot, 616; efforts of James II. in favour of, 634, 638, 640
Cecil, Sir Edward, commands the Cadiz expedition, 503
Chancery, Court of, proposal of the Bare- bone's Parliament to suppress, 567; reformed by Cromwell, 569; nature of the decisions of, 605
Chantries, Act for the dissolution of, 412; their income vested in the king, 415 Charles I., intention of the Gunpowder plotters to blow up, 483; proposals of marriage for, 488; visits Spain, 497; is eager for war with Spain, 500; negotiation for marriage with Henri- etta Maria, 501; becomes king and marries Henrietta Maria, 502; ad- journs his first parliament to Oxford,
ib.; dissolves his first parliament and sends out the Cadiz expedition, 503; meets his second Parliament, ib.; dis- solves his second Parliament, 505; orders the collection of a forced loan, 506; meets his third Parliament, 508; consents to the Petition of Right, 509; claims a right to levy Tonnage and Poundage, 510; issues a declaration on the Articles, 512; dissolves his third Parliament, 513; his personal govern- ment, 514; levies knighthood fines, 515; insists on the reading of the Declaration of Sports, 517; levies fines for encroaching on forests, 523; levies ship-money, ib.; imposes a new prayer-book on Scotland, 525; leads an army against the Scots, 526; con- sults Wentworth, 527; makes Went- worth Earl of Strafford, and summons the Short Parliament, 528; dissolves the Short Parliament, marches again against the Scots, and summons the Long Parliament, 529; assents to the Triennial Act, 530; signs a commis- sion for Strafford's execution, 531; visits Scotland, 532; returns to Eng- land, 534; rejects the Grand Remon- strance, 535; attempts to arrest the five members, 536; fights at Edgehill, 537; his plan of campaign, ib.; be- sieges Gloucester, and fights at New- bury, 539; looks to Ireland for help, 541 sends Rupert to relieve York, 543; compels Essex's infantry to sur render at Lostwithiel, and fights again at Newbury, 544; is defeated at Naseby, 548; attempts to join Mont- rose, 549; sends Glamorgan to Ireland, ib.; gives himself up to the Scots, 551; negotiates at Newcastle, ib. ; ex- plains his plans to the Queen, 552; conveyed to Holmby House, 553; con- ducted by Joyce to Newmarket, 555; attempt of Cromwell to come to an understanding with, 555; takes refuge in the Isle of Wight, and enters into the Engagement with the Scots, 556; removed to Hurst Castle, 557; trial of, 559 execution of, 560 Charles II., as Prince of Wales, pos- sesses himself of part of the fleet, 557; lands in Scotland, 563; escapes to France, 564; offers a reward for Crom- well's murder, 569; issues the declara- tion of Breda, 576; restoration of, 578; confirms Magna Carta, ib. ; cha- racter of, 579; leaves the government to Hyde, 580; revenue voted to, 582; approves a scheme of modified episco- pacy, 583; keeps a small armed force, 584; retains three regiments on paying off the army, ib.; profligacy of the court of, 586; issues a declaration in favour of toleration, 587; marriage of, and sale of Dunkirk by, ib.; dismisses Clarendon, 594; favours the Roman Catholics, 598; thinks of tolerating
dissenters, and supports Buckingham and Arlington, 599; agrees to the treaty of Dover, 600; supports the Cabal, 602; extravagance of, 603; issues a Declaration of Indulgence, 604; goes to war with the Dutch, 605; withdraws the Declaration of Indulgence, 606; assents to the Test Act, 607; dismisses Shaftesbury and makes peace with the Dutch, 608; supports Danby, 610; receives a pen- sion from Louis XIV., 611; is inte- rested in commerce, 612; refuses to make war on France, 613; threatens France with war, 614; dissolves the Cavalier Parliament, 616; dissolves the first Short Parliament, 617; sup- ports his brother's claim to the crown, against Shaftesbury, 618; prorogues the second Short Parliament, 619; dismisses Shaftesbury, 620; dissolves the second and third Short Parlia- ments, 621; plot to murder, 625; death of, 627; constitutional progress in the reign of, ib.
Charles II., king of Spain, bad health of, 592
Charles V., Emperor, as king of Spain becomes the rival of Francis I., 366; vast inheritance of, 369; is chosen emperor, ib.; goes to war with France, 371; captures Francis I. at Pavia, 372; liberates Francis I., 374; allies himself with Henry VIII., 405; makes peace with France at Crêpy, 406; de- fends Mary's mass, 417; abdication of, 426
Charles IX., king of France, accession
of, 433; takes part in the massacre of St. Bartholomew, 449; death of, 450 Charterhouse, the persecution of the monks of, 393
Chaucer, influences of the Renascence on, 367
Cheriton, battle of, 542 Chocolate, introduction of, 630
Christchurch, foundation of, 377, 383 Christian IV., king of Denmark, Buck- ingham's overtures to, 501, 504; de- feated at Lutter, 505, 506
Church of England, see England, Church of
Churchill, Lord, see Marlborough, Duke of
Clarendon, Edward Hyde, first Earl of, as Edward Hyde is one of the leaders of the Anti-Presbyterian party in the Long Parliament, 533; becomes Lord Chancellor after the Restoration, 580: character of, ib.; created Earl of Clarendon, 587; is falsely supposed to be bribed, ib.; fall of, 594; escapes to France, 595
Clarendon, Henry Hyde, second Earl of, recalled from Ireland, 640 Claverhouse, see Graham, John Clement VII., Pope, forms an Italian league against Charles V., 374; ap-
points legates to try the divorce suit of Henry VIII., 382; revokes the cause to Rome, 383; gives sentence in favour of Catharine, 390
Clergy, the country, 633 Clifford, Thomas, Lord, a member of the Cabal, 602; probable suggester of the Stop of the Exchequer, 604; resig. nation of, 607
Coaches, improvement in, 633 Coffee-houses, introduction of, 630 Coinage debased by Henry VIII., 409; further debased by Somerset, 416 Coke, Sir Edward, takes part in drawing up the Petition of Right, 508 Colchester, execution of the Abbot of, 400; reduced by Fairfax, 567 Colet promotes the study of Greek, and founds St. Paul's School, 367 Coligny, murder of, 449
College invents the Protestant flail, 615 condemned to death, 622
Colonies founded in Virginia and New England, 489; in Carolina, 629 Common Prayer, the Book of, beginnings of, 409, 410; the first, of Edward VI. 415; the second, of Edward VI., 418 alterations in, in Elizabeth's reign 429; Strickland proposes to amend 445; generally accepted by the Par- liamentary Presbyterians, 586 Commonwealth, the, establishment of 561
Commons, the House of, Wolsey's ap. pearance in, 371; made use of by Thomas Cromwell and Henry VIII., 389; Elizabeth's relations with, 444: Puritanism of, 445; growing strength of, 468; its tendencies to Puritanism rather than to Presbyterianism, 470; attack on monopolies by, 478; quar. rels with James I., 482; anxious to go to war for the Palatinate, 490; votes a small supply, 491; brings charges against Bacon, 495; is eager for war with Spain, 500; refuses sup- plies to Charles I., unless spent by counsellors in whom it confides, 502; impeaches Buckingham, 504, 505; insists on the Petition of Right, 508; claims Tonnage and Poundage, 510; religious ideas prevailing in, 511; its breach with the king, 513; violent scene before the dissolution of, 514; formation of parties in, 532; scene in, at the passing of the Grand Remon- strance, 534; Presbyterian majority in, 546; new elections to, 551; a mob in possession of, 555; the Agitators pro- pose to purge, 556; Pride's purge of, 557; declares itself supreme, ib.; con- stitutes a high court of justice, 558; dis- solved by Cromwell, 566; inquires into the expenditure of the crown, and im- peaches Clarendon, 594; impeaches Danby, 616; the Exclusion Bill in, 617, 621; Tory majority in, 636; James II. attempts to pack, 641; dis-
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