Motivation: Theories and PrinciplesFor undergraduate level courses in Motivation. This experimentally-oriented text provides a critical examination of research and theory with a topical approach. It covers a broad range of motivational concepts from both human and animal theory and research, with an emphasis on the biological bases of motivation. New - Extensive revisions within chapter on emotion (Ch. 2). Incorporates recent research on theories and analyses of cognition and emotion. - Helps students to understand the complex relationship between emotion and motivation. New - In-depth discussion of evolutionary concepts. Includes the role of genetics in relation to emotion/motivation. - Provides students with a better understanding of biological backgrounds. New - Systematic presentation of theories - Details the presentation of the two-process learning theory and Langs Affective Modulation Theory. - Helps students to relate theory and motivation. New - Coverage on preattentive processes (unconscious processes) in chapters on emotion (Ch. 2), fear learning (Ch. 8), and anxiety. - Introduces students to new concepts within the study of motivation. New- In-depth discussions of cognitive processes in relation to anxie |
Contents
INTRODUCTION | 2 |
THE REGULATION OF INTERNAL STATES | 4 |
Explanation | 8 |
Copyright | |
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achievement activity aggressive behavior American Psychological Association animals anxiety approach associated attractive attribution Attribution theory aversive avoidance biological body brain classical conditioning cognitive cognitive dissonance concept conditioned stimuli correlated cues defined deprivation determined dissonance dopamine drinking drive theory drug eating effects environment equity theory example experience experimental factors fear female Figure frustration genetic goal box havior hedonic homeostatic hormones human hypothalamus incentive increase individual instinct intervening variable involved Journal of Personality learned helplessness learning level of arousal male measures mood motivation negative nervous system neutral occur opponent process optimal level organism outcome particular perceived percent performance Personality and Social positive predict preference problem produce Psychological Review punishment rats reduce reinforcement reward secondary reinforcer sexual shock signals situation Social Psychology specific sponses stimulus stress subjects taste tion tive versus York