Geochemistry of Sedimentary CarbonatesThis book covers the more basic aspects of carbonate minerals and their interaction with aqueous solutions; modern marine carbonate formation and sediments; carbonate diagenesis (early marine, meteoric and burial); the global cycle of carbon and human intervention; and the role of sedimentary carbonates as indicators of stability and changes in the Earth's surface environment. The selected subjects are presented with sufficient background information to enable the non-specialist to understand the basic chemistry involved. Tested on classes taught by the authors, and approved by the students, this comprehensive volume will prove itself to be a valuable reference source to students, researchers and professionals in the fields of oceanography, geochemistry, petrology, environmental science and petroleum geology. |
Contents
| 1 | |
| 39 | |
Chapter 3 Coprecipitation Reactions and Solid Solutions of Carbonate Minerals | 87 |
Chapter 4 The Oceanic Carbonate System and Calcium Carbonate Accumulation in Deep Sea Sediments | 133 |
Chapter 5 Composition and Source of ShoalWater Carbonate Sediments | 179 |
Chapter 6 Early Marine Diagenesis of ShoalWater Carbonate Sediments | 241 |
Chapter 7 Early NonMarine Diagenesis of Sedimentary Carbonates | 277 |
Chapter 8 Carbonates as Sedimentary Rocks in Subsurface Processes | 373 |
Chapter 9 The Current Carbon Cycle and Human Impact | 447 |
Chapter 10 Sedimentary Carbonates in the Evolution of Earths Surface Environment | 511 |
Epilogue | 599 |
| 609 | |
| 681 | |
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Common terms and phrases
acid activity coefficients alkalinity aragonite atmospheric CO2 Berner biogenic burial Ca2+ CaCO3 calcite and aragonite calcite cements calcium carbonate calculated carbon cycle carbonate minerals carbonate rocks carbonate sediments changes Chapter chemical chemistry components concentrations coprecipitation cycle deposition depth diagenesis diagenetic diagenetic processes dissolution dissolved dolomite EARTH'S SURFACE ENVIRONMENT equation equilibrium evaporites fluxes foraminifera formation fossil fuel Garrels geochemical geochemistry geologic grains groundwater HCO3 important increasing inorganic ion activity isotopic isotopic composition kinetics limestones Mackenzie magnesian calcite magnesium major marine mass meteoric diagenesis meteoric water Mg2+ MgCO3 mineralogy mole Morse observed ocean očids organic matter oxidation oxygen partition coefficients PCO2 Phanerozoic phase phreatic plate tectonic Plummer pore waters porosity ratio reaction relative reservoir respect to calcite salinity saturation sea level seawater sedimentary carbonates sedimentary rocks sediments shoal-water skeletal solid solubility solution studies subsurface sulfate supersaturated temperature trends undersaturated vadose values zone