Gender and Law: Women's Rights in AgricultureWomen constitute a large portion of the economically active population engaged in agriculture. International instruments on human rights, the environment and sustainable development reaffirm the principle of non-discrimination on the basis of sex or gender. Yet women often face gendered obstacles in realizing their rights and feeding their families. The right to an adequate standard of living, including adequate food, may thus not be fulfilled. These obstacles may stem from directly or indirectly discriminatory norms or from entrenched socio-cultural practices, or both. This study analyses the gender dimension of agriculture-related legislation in a selection of different countries around the world, examining the legal status of women in three key areas: rights to land and other natural resources; rights of women agricultural workers; and rights concerning women's agricultural self-employment activities, ranging from women's status in rural cooperatives to their access to credit, training and extension services. |
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access to credit access to land activities adopted agrarian reform allocation amended applied basis of sex Brazil Burkina Faso CEACR CEDAW Civil Code Commission Constitution contracts Convention cooperatives countries Court cultural customary law Decree Development discriminate against women discriminatory ejidatarios ejido employer Employment Act envisaged equal remuneration explicitly F GN F ND factors family law female Fiji gender equality gender neutral GN GN GN ND Grameen Bank household head Human Rights husband implementation India inheritance rights instance institutions Kenya Labour Code Labour Law land reform land tenure legislation limited mainly male marriage maternity benefits maternity leave Moreover National natural resource norms percent Philippines Policy practice pregnancy principle of non-discrimination promote protection reform programmes Regional overview registration rural areas rural women sect sector sex discrimination SM GN social security South Africa spouses Tanzania Tunisia wage women's access women's land rights women's participation women's rights